HAPPINESS

Happiness is a state of mind;
It sparkles when the world is kind.
But sometimes sorrow enters in,
And spoils the joys that are within.

Each of us has his day
When all the world looks dark and gray;
But when we know that God’s about.
We’ll have no more fear or doubt.

Happiness can be a little thing
That makes us glad and want to sing;
It can come in mighty form,
To keep our life forever warm.

Need of Aggregation for Improving Indian Agri-Marketing

India is an agriculture based economy. Hitherto 60% of the Indian population depends on agriculture. But output is less as compare to input. There are umpteen descrepancies in Indian agri system. Small & marginal land holding is one of them. Farmers are facing lot of difficulties due to this.

Lot of risk factors are associated with agriculture. Vagaries of climate, changing demand and supply, high fluctuation in prices etc. causes difficulty for farmers to decide about cropping patterns. Futures trading can help farmers in minimizing their risk. With its help farmers can hedge their risks. But due to small land holdings an individual farmer is unable to participate in futures trading. Because for doing trading in futures market quantity of each commodity is fixed by the exchange. Generally the quantity requirement is high which makes difficult for an individual farmer to participate.

There are large number of intermediaries in Indian agriculture. Ultimately they are the real beneficiaries in this scenario. Consumers are paying more and farmers are getting less pie in the consumer's money.

Aggregation models can be used for mitigating these problems. Farmers in groups can collect their commodities and participate in futures trading for hedging their risks. This can also be done with the help of agriculture marketing cooperatives. The co-0p can participate on behalf of the farmers and share profits among themselves. Government can help these co-operatives with the help of NAFED.

Regeneration of Bihar

Bihar is considered as one of the "Bimaru" states of India. Even though it is the birth place of our first President Dr Rajendra Prasad it is one of the poorest state of our country. But now the conditions are changing. This year Bihar has achieved a growth rate of 10.5% which is much more than the countries average growth rate. But the state is in such a dire condition that even if it is growing at the same pace it will take around 18 years to become like Maharashtra.
Now the businessmen are not hesitating from investing in Bihar. They are waiting for the opportunities. These changes happened only due to the revolutionary steps of Mr Nitish Kumar. Before that "Gundaraj" was prevalent in Bihar. In all situation is changing but it will take some time because nothing can happen in a night.
Bihar is a land of immense agribusiness opportunities specially for food processing.. It is the third largest producer of vegetables and seventh largest producer of fruits. It produces unique pruducts like makhana, litchi, banana and mangoes.

4 Ps of Marketing - In Indian context which one is the most important ?

4Ps of marketing are :
1. Product
2. Price
3. Place
4. Promotion
India is a developing country. Money is the determining factor for the marketing of any product. So as i think price is the most important factor in Indian context. Indian customers are price sensitive. They prefer good quality product at reasonable price. More than 50% of Indian population comes under medium & low income group. They are very much price sensitive because their income is limited.
Now a days due to globalisation & improved economic condition of the country customers are also becoming conscious about the products. Among the high income groups quality of the product has a more important role as compared to price.